Orders of magnitude (force)

The following list shows different orders of magnitude of force.

Since weight under gravity is a force, several of these examples refer to the weight of various objects. Unless otherwise stated, these are weights under average Earth gravity at sea level.

Contents

Below 1 N

Factor (N) Value Item
10−24
yoctonewton (yN)		 5 yN Force necessary to synchronize the motion of a single trapped ion with an external signal measured in a 2010 experiment[1][2]
10−22 174 yN Force measured in a 2010 experiment by perturbing 60 beryllium-9 ions[3][4]
10−15
femtonewton (fN)		  
10−14 ~10 fN Brownian motion force on an E. coli bacterium averaged over 1 second[5]
10−13 ~100 fN Force to stretch double-stranded DNA to 50% relative extension[5]
10−12
piconewton (pN)		 ~4 pN Force to break a hydrogen bond[5]
~5 pN Maximum force of a molecular motor[5]
10−11  
10−10 ~160 pN Force to break a typical noncovalent bond[5]
10−9
nanonewton (nN)		 ~1.6 nN Force to break a typical covalent bond[5]
10−6
micronewton (μN)		 1–150 μN Output of FEEP ion thrusters used in NASA's Laser Interferometer Space Antenna [6]
10−3
millinewton (mN)		  
10−2 24.5 mN Maximum weight of a mosquito
92 mN Thrust of the NSTAR Ion Engine tested on NASA's space probe Deep Space 1
10−1  

1 N and above

Magnitude Value Item
newton (N) 1 N The weight of an average apple[7][8]
10 N 9.80665 N One kilogram-force, nominal weight of a 1 kg object at sea level on Earth
102 N 720 N Average force of human bite, measured at molars[9]
103 N
kilonewton (kN)		 8 kN The maximum force achieved by weight lifters during a 'clean and jerk' lift[10]
9.8 kN The bite force of an adult American alligator
104 N 18 kN The bite force of an adult great white shark
45 kN The force applied by the engine of a small car during peak acceleration[11]
105 N (100 kN) The average force applied by seatbelt and airbag to a restrained passenger in a car which hits a stationary barrier at 100 km/h[12]
106 N
meganewton (MN)		 1.8 MN Thrust of Space Shuttle Main Engine at lift-off
107 N 34.02 MN Thrust of Saturn V rocket at lift-off
108 N 570 MN Simplistic estimate of force of sunlight on Earth[13]
109 N
giganewton (GN)
1020 N 1.98×1020 N Gravitational attraction between Earth and Moon[14]
1022 N 3.5×1022 N Gravitational attraction between Earth and Sun[15]
1044 N 1.21027×1044 N The Planck force

Notes

  1. ^ Knünz, S.; Herrmann, M.; Batteiger, V.; Saathoff, G.; Hänsch, T.; Vahala, K.; Udem, T. (2010). "Injection Locking of a Trapped-Ion Phonon Laser". Physical Review Letters 105 (1): 013004. Bibcode 2010PhRvL.105a3004K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.013004. PMID 20867440.  edit
  2. ^ "Single atoms for detecting extremely weak forces". Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics. http://www.mpq.mpg.de/cms/mpq/en/news/press/10_08_04.html. Retrieved 2010-09-02. 
  3. ^ Brumfiel, G. (2010). "Scientists measure atomic nudge". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2010.187.  edit
  4. ^ M. J. Biercuk, H. Uys, J. W. Britton, A. P. VanDevender, J. J. Bollinger (9 Apr 2010). "YoctoNewton force detection sensitivity using trapped ions". arXiv:1004.0780. 
  5. ^ a b c d e f "Forces involved at the biological level". PicoTwist. http://www.picotwist.com/index.php?content=smb&option=odg. Retrieved 30 December 2011. 
  6. ^ http://www.lisa-science.org/list/list_meetings/potsdam_2006/lpf-presentation.pdf
  7. ^ http://www.teachersource.com/Workshops/SuperWowNeatScienceforEveryonewithRonPerkins/NewtonsApple.aspx
  8. ^ Lafferty, Peter & Julian Rowe. The Dictionary of Science. New York: Helicon, 1993: 404.
  9. ^ Houston T E, Bite Force and Bite Pressure: Comparisons of Humans and Dogs, 2003 [1]
  10. ^ The Human Machine By R. McNeill Alexander, Mark Iley, Sally Alexander
  11. ^ http://www.miniusa.com 2008 MINI Cooper'S
  12. ^ Lawrence Weinstein and John A. Adams, Guesstimation, 2008, Section 6.3.1
  13. ^ 1.63 x 10−14 x gravitational attraction between Earth and Sun, assuming total absorption of sunlight Sunlight Exerts Pressure, NASA Glenn LTP Math & Science Resources
  14. ^ http://www.ridgecrest.ca.us/~do_while/sage/v5i5d.htm
  15. ^ http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/961029b.html

External links

Quantity
See also
Book:Orders of magnitude · Category:Orders of magnitude · Portal:Science